Essence of BSW (Bachelor of Social Work)
INTRODUCTION
These all are some basic and important definitions and meanings in BACHELOR OF SOCIAL WORK {B.S.W}. This trainee has written 108 definitions related to B.S.W. And also some brief notes on “Social Work Profession & Methodology, Individual & Society, Dynamics of Human Behaviour, Social Problems and Social Policy & Social Development”
SOCIAL WORK METHODOLOGY
1) Social work: - It means helping people to help themselves
2) Social casework: - It means helping individual
3) Social group work: - It means helping individuals through
purposeful group
4) Community organization: - It is a process to identify community
needs
5) Social work research: -
It provides basic data on social problems
6) Social action: - It used to solve major social problems
7) Social welfare administration: - It covers business &
financial aspects of social work
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY
8) Society: - It is a collection of individuals
9) Socialization: - It is process of moulding & shaping the
human infant
10) Folk ways: - It is the behaviour patterns of everyday’s life
11) Mores: - It is a group of proteins which are thought by
members of society
12) Sociology:-It is a science of society or a social phenomenon
13) Institution: - It means controlling individual
14) Culture: - It is a body of thoughts & knowledge that human
only can process
15) Social organization: - It is for socializing the human
16) Socialism: - It is a future structure of society
17) Organization: - It is the systematic arrangement to do something
18) Social group: - Two or more people in direct or indirect
contact is called a social group
19) Association: - It is a collection of people to do something
20) Authority: - It means a legalized power
21) Power: - It is an ability to control others
22) Social norms: - It means not following socially accepted rules
23) Status: - It is the worth of a man estimated by the group
24) Role: - It means a pattern in our behaviour
25) Collective behaviour: - It means a general sense of all social
interactions
DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
26) Psychology: - It means the study of behaviour
27) Developmental psychology: - It deals with the growth &
development of human beings
28) Prenatal period: - conception to birth of human
29) Infancy: - Birth to the second week of human
30) Babyhood: - second week to the second year of human
31) Childhood: - The age from 2 to 12 years of human
Early childhood: - The
age from 2 to 6 years of human
Late childhood: -
The age from 6 to 10 (or) 12 years of human
32) Puberty: - The age from 12 to 14 years of human
33) Adolescence: - The age from 14 to 18 years of human
34) Adulthood: - The age from 18 to 60 years of human
35) Old age: - The age from 60 to 60+ of human
36) Behaviour: - It includes anything does or experience
37) Perception: - What gets into our mind is called perception
38) Learning: - Acquiring new skills is called learning
39) Motivation: - The activating forces that pull or push the
individual is called motivation
40) Adjustment: - It means accepting the change
41) Stress: - It is a psychological reaction or condition
42) Defence mechanism: - It is to protect ourselves from anxiety &
problem
43) Copying mechanism: - It is described as surviving skills
44) Psycho somatic: - A problem in the mind affects the body
45) Somatic psychic: - A problem in the body affects the mind
46) Child rearing: - It is a consultation of parent behaviour
towards the child
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
47) Social problem: - It is situation of controlling a group or
section of people which have injurious result
HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT
(&)
SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION
48) Leader ship: - It is process by which a person influences
others
49) Staffing: - It means administration of staff
50) Directing: - Direction of staff to fulfil the objectives
51) Co-ordination:- It means unity of people with unity of purpose
& action
52) Budgeting: - It is process of preparing & presenting of
annual income
53) Decision making: - It needs all levels & periods of time
to keep agency more affectively
COUNSELLING FOR SOCIAL WORKERS
(&)
SOCIAL CASE WORK (working with individuals)
54) Counselling: - It is the process of exploration by two people
aimed at identifying problems & seeking solutions
55) Empathy: - Listening & understanding as if you are a
client
56) Genuine: - Truly what is said to be behind the therapist's role
57) Self-disclosure: - Sharing a personal experience with the client
58) Active listening: - Focusing of all aspects of client
expression
59) Person: - Person is an
individual who fined himself in need to help of some aspects in social
emotional living
60) Problem: - It arises from some need or obstacle of some
frustrations & maladjustments
61) Place: - The place is an agency in this they deal with a
person with problem
62) Process: - It is progressive transaction between professional
helper & client
63) Interview schedule: - It is process which helps worker to
understand client needs
64) Relationship: - It is condition in which two persons with some
common interests which are long term or short term
65) Feedback: - It is for to assess the effectiveness of the
communication
66) Communication: - It is the median of interaction
67) Recording: - It means reviewing the data collected from client
NOTE: - THESE DEFINATIONS ARE DIFFER FROM
ACTUVAL DEFINATIONS. IT IS USEFUL ONLY FOR THESE COUNSELLING & SOCIAL CASE
WORK
SOCIAL POLICY & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
68) Social policy: - It is a unilateral transfer of resources from
one to other sections of society
69) Social development: -
It is a comprehensive concept which implies major structural changes ice
political, economic, cultural etc.
70) Fundamental rights: - It are the basic rights for success,
respect & development
71) Directive principles of state policy: - These are relating to
economic & social objectives that constitution seeks to achieve
72) Planning commission: - It is for the “most effective &
balanced utilization of our country recourses”
73) Social strategy: - It is a settled course of action judged
most appropriate to achieve specific goals
74) Distributive strategy: - It means equal distribution of
income, resources & wealth
75) Participation strategy: - In this a link is essential between
“Development through whom & Development for whom”
76) Human development strategy: - It is aimed to improve the
condition & quality of human life
77) Social integration strategy: - It is directed towards
eliminating and reducing any disparities between different religions, groups
& communities
78) Operational planning: - A short range of planning deals with
day to day activities
79) Strategic planning: - It goes in step by step process in a
formal way
80) Contingency planning: - During cold war this planning will
reflect
81) Intermediate planning: - In this
plan they plan in middle
SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH & STATISTICS
82) Social research: - It means “searching for facts” & solution
to a problem, and answer to a question
83) Review of literature: - It means “previous study”
84) Hypothesis: - It means “Imaginary statement”
85) Data collection: - collecting of data is called Data
collection
86) Observation: - It means using our 5 senses what we feel is
called observation
87) Questionnaire: - It is pattern of question for knowing
situation
88) Interview: - It is treatment technique
89) Report: - It means official presentation of data
90) Universality: - It means giving free service every one without
any bias
91) Selectivity: - It means specifically choosing particular group
of needy people for giving service
92) Equality: - It means “sameness”
93) Equity: - It means “Fairness”
94) Sampling: - It is a referring group of people (or) elements in
research
95) Statistics: - It means “Science of counting’
96) Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS):-It provides a
powerful statistical analysis and data management system in a graphical environment
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
97) Computer:-It is an electronic device which accepts the data,
process the data, stores the data & it gives out put information
98) Generations of computer:-1st Generation1945-1956
2nd Generation
1956-1965
3rd Generation 1965-1971
4th Generation 1971-1986
5th
Generation 1986-present
99) Software: - Set of programmes is called software
100) Hardware: - Physical components of computer is called
Hardware
101) Ana log computer: - It uses continuously changeable aspects
of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical etc
102) Digital computer: - A computer that operates with numbers
expressed directly as digits (hybrid computer plays analogy & digital
computer roles)
103) Main frame computer:-It is a computer mainly used by
government
104) Minicomputer: - A computer that have median power less than
main frame more than micro
105) Microcomputer: - A small computer that has microprocessor as
it central processor
106) Super computer: - A computer that performs at or a near the
currently highest operational race for computer
107) Primary memory: - It is an internal memory .it provides
working space to computer
108) Secondary memory: - It is an external memory & it is
permanent in nature. It is concerned with magnetic tapes
THESE ALL ARE SOME DEFINITIONS &
MEANINGS IN BACHELOR OF SOCIAL WORK
1} SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION &
METHODOLOGY
SOCIAL WORK:-
Social work means helping people to
help themselves
SOURCES OF SOCIAL WORK:-
1) Biological needs
2) Social needs
3) Cultural needs
4) Psychological needs
WORKS DONE BY SOCIAL WORK:-
1) Curative
2) Correctional
3) Rehabilitative
4) Preventive
5) Developmental
SKILLS OF SOCIAL WORK:-
1) Conscious use of self
2) Constructive use of relationship
3) Verbal interaction
4) Programme planning & its use
TECHNIQUES OF SOCIAL WORK:-
1) Interviewing
2) Listening
3) Observing
4) Questioning
5) Supporting
6) Educating
7) Counselling
8) Explaining
9) Informing
10) Advising
11) Agreeing
12) Disagreeing
13) Reviewing
14) Reinforcing
15) Comforting
16) Clarifying
17) Reassuming
VALUES
OF SOCIAL WORK & SOCIAL PROFESSION THROUGH EDUCATION:-
1) Self determination
2) Human potential
3) Tolerance of differences
4) Liberty
5) Satisfaction of basic human needs
6) Non-judgemental attitude
7) Constructive use of leisure time
8) Construction of social co-operation
9) Importance of individual
10) Self help
11) Freedom limit
12) Change – process – Growth
13) Interdependence of all individuals
at all times
CODE
OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL WORKERS (you):-
1) Worker has as my primary obligation
the welfare of the individual or group served, which includes action for
improving social condition
2) I give precedence to my
professional responsibility over personal interests
3) I hold myself responsible for the
quality and extent of services I perform
4) I respect the privacy of people I
serve
5) I use in a responsible manner
information gained in the professional relationship
6) I treat with respect the findings,
views & actions of colleagues, and use appropriate channels to express
judgement on those matters
7) I practice social work within the
recognised knowledge and competence of the profession
8) I recognise my professional
responsibility to add my ideas and findings to the body of social work
knowledge and practice
9) I accept responsibility to help,
protect the community against unethical practice by any individual or
organization engaged in social welfare activities
10) I stand ready to give appropriate
professional services in public emergencies
11) I distinguish clearly, in public,
between my statements and actions as an individual and as a representative of
an organization
12)
I support the principle that professional practice requires professional
education
13) I accept responsibilities towards
creation and maintenance of condition within
The agency, which enables social
workers to conduct themselves
14) I contribute my knowledge, skills
and support to programmes of human welfare
METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK:-
·
Primary methods
1) Social case work: - Helping
individual
2) Social group work: - Helping
individual through group
3) Community organization: - It focus
on community needs
·
B) Secondary methods
4) Social welfare administration: - It
sees business& financial aspects of social work
5) Social work research: - It provides
basic data on social problem
6) Social action: - It is used to
solve major problems
ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL WORKER:-
Social worker plays various roles in
serving. Social plays as an evaluator, as a researcher, as a speaker, as a
facilitator, as a social changer, as an informer, as an expert, as a promoter,
as a preacher etc.
METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK
1- SOCIAL CASE WORK & COUNSELLING
1} SOCIAL CASE WORK:-
It is an art of bringing better
adjustment in the social relationship of the Individual
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL CASE WORK:-
1) Acceptance
2) Communication
3) Individualization
4) Confidentiality
5) Purposeful
expression of feelings
6) Non-judgemental
attitude
7) Clients
participation
STAGES OF SOCIAL CASE WORK:-
1) Case study
2) Diagnosis
3) Treatment
4) Prognosis
PURPOSE OF SOCIAL CASE WORK:-
1) Solving
the problem
2) Modifying
the situation
3) Growth
enhancement
4) Make the
client cope with accept with reality
4-P’s OF SOCIAL CASE WORK:-
A person with problem comes to a place
where professional case worker help him through well-defined process
1) Person
2) Problem
3) Place
4) Process
INFLUENCE PROCESS IN CASE WORK:-
1) Expertness
2) Trust
Worthiness
3) Attractiveness
4) Involvement
ROLE OF THERAPIST:-
1) Therapist
as a coach
2) Therapist
as a teacher
3) Therapist
as a supporter
PHASES OF CASE WORK:-
1) Initial
interview
2) Assessment
3) Middle
Phase
4) Termination
PERSONALITY OF COUNSELLER:-
1) Counsellor
have make confidentiality & non judgemental
2) Counsellor
must come to counselee’s level
3) Counsellor language should connect counselee
4) Counsellor
must have worldwide view
5) Counsellor
have to protect counselee
6) Counsellor
have act as a facilitator
7) Counsellor
have to complete session in less time
8) Counsellor
have accept their limitations
9) Counsellor
has to accept the client Etc.
10) Counsellor
have to make client as his present is strength for counselee
COUNSELLING FOR COUNSELEE:-
1) Fruits
releases positive neurons in the body
2) Entertainment
is a tonic & it acts as a anti- depression
3) Follow a
hobby to reduce the stress
4) Think
positive experience to reduce stress
5) Love
yourself & don’t punish yourself
6) Life is
full of hope, so lets us be optimistic & hopeful
7) Don’t
control your bad habit, but gradually decrease the quantity
8) No one
replace your role in society
9) No one
replace the role of your own father , mother & siblings
10) Everyone
must have good health & with insurance Etc.
COMMUNICATION:-
Communication is medium of interaction
done by language or expressions. It is by verbal or nonverbal behaviour
Blocks of communication:-
1) Time
2) Misunderstanding
3) Postponing
4) Advices
5) Environment
FEEDBACK:-
Feedback helps us to increase our
self-awareness. Feedback should focus on behaviour not on a person. It should
base on observations. Be biased while giving feedback. It is very important to
assess the effectiveness of our communication
RELATION SHIP FOR COUNSELLING:-
The professional relationship of
counselling is “Rapport”. Relationship is the medium through with treatment
place in counselling. It should be done by consciously, purposefully &
deliberately to client
INTERVIEW SHEDULE:-
Interview is a treatment technique.
Interview is a process which helps the worker to understand client’s needs. “A
plant of action is formulated & implemented in interview”
RECORDING:-
Recording means “Reviewing the Data”.
It is professional activity
Types of recording:-
1) Process
recording (Detailed)
2) Summary recording (Brief)
3) (Direct
speech)
Diagrammatic recording:-
1) Face
sheet- All personal details
2) Eco map-
Social surroundings
3) Genogram-
Family tree
2- SOCIAL GROUP WORK
2) SOCIAL GROUP WORK:-
Social group work helps individuals to
enhance their social function through purposeful group experience
PRINCIPLES SOCIAL GROUP WORK:-
1) Individualization
in group
2) Individualization
of group
3) Genuine
acceptance of each individuals with his unique strength & weakness
4) Establishment
of Purposeful helping relation b/n workers & members
5) Appropriate
modification of group process
6) It should
be organised in democratic process
7) Encouragement
& enabling of helpful & co-operative relations b/n workers &
members
PURPOSE OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK:-
1) To solve
problems of individuals
2) To give
opportunity to those who have got etiolate of leader ship
3) To provide
substitute for family institution
4) To widen
social consciousness
OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK:-
1) Development
in the scene of belonging
2) Basic
development of the capacity to participate
3) It
provides recreation
4) It is the
best method for the proper development of personality
3-COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION
3) COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION:-
It is a process in which the community
identify its needs & objectives giving priorities to them and develop
confidence and will to work at them.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION:-
1) Leaders
involvement in development process
2) Existing
resources must be utilized
3) Creating
discount with existing condition
4) Understanding
social structure
5) Recognize dignity of individuals
STAGES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION:-
1) Consciousness
of need
2) Presentation
of other solutions
3) Investigation
4) Open
discussion of issues
5) Compromise
on the basis of tentative & progressive
4-
SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION {&} HUMAN RECOURSE MANAGEMENT
4) SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION:-
Social welfare administration is a
sense of supporting or facilitating activities which are necessary &
incidental to the giving direct service by a social agency
NATURE OF SOCIAL WELFARE
ADMINISTRATION:-
1) Administration
is the process of organising resources to get work done
2) Although
certain roles are specifically administrative, every member of organization,
including specialists is a part of administrative structure
3) The
sitting of administration is the organization
through which it must do administrative work
4) Leadership,
decision-making, authority, budgeting, staffing, co-ordinating, directing,
reporting, communication &
staffing are important ingredients in
social welfare administration
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WELFARE
ADMINISTRATION:-
1) Formulating
agency objectives
2) Provision
of formal structure
3) Promotion
of co-operative efforts
4) Finding
& developing resources
5) Supervision
& evaluation
5M’S OF HUMAN RECOURSE MANAGEMENT:-
1) Man power
2) Material
3) Money
4) Market
5) Machinery
LEADERSHIP:-
Leadership is a process by which a
person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the
organization in a way that makes it
QUALITIES OF LEADERSHIP:-
Flexible, Communicative, Respectful,
Quiet confidence, Open minded, Resourceful, Educated, Rewarding, Interested
feedback Etc.
FACTORS OF LEADERSHIP:-
1) Follower
2) Leader
3) Communication
4) Situation
PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP:-
1) Know
yourself & seek empowerment
2) Seek
responsibility & take responsibility
3) Be
technically proficient
4) Set the
example
5) Make
sounds & timely decisions
6) Know your
people & look out for their wellbeing
7) Develop
the sense of responsibility in your people
8) Train as
team
9) Use full
capabilities of your organization
5-SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH
5) SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH:-
Social work research is a systematic
& critical investigation of questions in social welfare field with
purposeful yielding of answer to question & solution to problems of social
work
OBJECTIVITES OF SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH:-
1) To improve
& enlarge the techniques of diagnosis and treatment as
they are used in social work practice
2) To develop
the efficiency and define the function of social work agency as the median
through which social work practiced
3) To
appraise and measure the community needs for social work practice
4) To add to
the general knowledge of etymology of social pathology
STAGES OF SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH:-
1) Definitions
of the problem
2) Objectives
of problem
3) Review of
literature (it means previous study)
4) Set of
hypothesis (it means imaginary statement)
5) Sampling
6) Data
collection {By observation, Interview, Questionnaire}
7) Data
processing
8) Master
chart
9) Code book
10) Findings
11) Conclusion
6-SOCIAL ACTION
6) SOCIAL ACTION: - (Mari Richmond is
1st man to work & used the term social action)
Social action is method of social work
used to solve major social problems
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK:-
1) Principle
of legislation
2) Principle
of dramatization
3) Principle
of multiple strategies
4) Principle
of dual approach
5) Principle
of credibility building
SOME
OTHER DEFINITIONS RELATING TO SOCIAL
SOCIAL JUSTICE:-
It is defined as deliberate, planed
& organised efforts in the form of provision of special opportunities
SOCIAL DEFENCE:-
It is to carry such social protection
it pre-supposes that the means of dealing with crime should be generally in
conceived system
SOCIAL INDICATOR:-
It is a measurement of social
phenomena which movements indicates whether particular problem is getting
better or worse
SOCIAL SECURITY:-
It is a strike root of exploitation, its ultimate aim is to create
& sustain a welfare state for social justice
2}
INDIVIDUAL & SOCIETY
SOCIETY:-
Society is nothing but a web of social relationships (or) it is a
collection of individuals
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY:-
1) Society consists of people
2) Society depends on the likeness
3) Society rests on differences too
4) Society is dynamic
5) Society is union it self
6) Society implies interdependency also
7) Co-operation and division of labour is also there
SOCIALIZATION:-
Socialization is a process of moulding & shaping the
personality of a human infant
STAGES IN SOCIALIZATION:-
1) Oral stage
2) Anal stage
3) Oedipal stage
4) Stage of adolescence
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION:-
1) Family
2) Teachers
3) Peer group
4) Literature & mass media
communication
FOLK
WAYS:-
Folk ways are the behaviour patterns
of every day’s life. This generally arises unconsciously in a group -Gillin
& Gillin
NATURE OF FOLK WAYS:-
1) It is Social in nature
2) It is Repetitive in character
3) It have unplanned origin
4) It is subject to change
MORES:-
Mores are custom group proteins which
are thought by the members of society. It is necessary to the group for
continues existences
TYPES OF MORES:-
1) Positive mores
2) Negative mores
NATURE & CHARACTERISTICS OF MORE:-
1) Mores are regulators of our life
2) Mores represent living character of
the group
3) Mores are backed by values &
religion
4) Mores is nature is to put
restrictions on behaviour
SOCIOLOGY:-
Sociology is a science of society (or)
a social phenomenon
FIELD OF SOCIOLOGY:-
1) Historical sociology
2) Family sociology
3) Community sociology etc.
NATURE OF SOCIOLOGY:-
1) It is social & not a natural
science
2) It is a positive & not a
normative science
3) It is pure and theoretical science
& not an applied science
4) It is both national & empirical
science
5) It is abstract science & not a
particular science
SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION:-
It is for socializing us (OR) it is
pattern of relation
ELEMENTS OF SOCIALIZATION:-
1) Goal
2) Preparedness to acceptance one’s
roles & status
3) Sanctions
4) Norms & mores
SOCIAL
GROUP:-
A social group exists when two or more
people are in direct or indirect contact in communication is called social
group
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL GROUP:-
1) It is collection of individuals
2) Interactions among members
3) Mutual awareness
4) Group unity
5) Common interest and similar
behaviour
6) Group dynamic
7) Stability and influence on
personality
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL GROUP:-
1) Survival becomes problematic without
group
2) Man becomes man only among men
3) Groups contribute development of
personality
CLASSIFICATION OF GROUP:-
1) Voluntary group
2) Involuntary group
3) Delegate group
ASSOCIATION:-
Association is a collection of people
to do some thing
CHARACTERISTICS OF ASSOCIATION:-
1) It is a human group
2) Co-operative sprit
3) All are having common interest
4) Organizing
5) Regulation of relations
6) It has agencies
AUTHORITY:-
Authority means a form legalised power
TYPES OF AUTHORITY:-
1) Traditional authority: authority
comes by hereditary
2) Rational legal authority: - It
comes by once (political leaders)
3) Charismatic authority: - authority
comes by own
STATUS:-
Status is a worth of man/women
estimated by the group of people
NATURE OF STATUS:-
1) External symbols to identify the
status
2) Every
status has its own rights
3) Social status are governed by norms
4) One individual may have several statuses
5) Status exercises on influence upon
the career of individual
POWER:-
Power is an ability to control others,
even to point of to make them do something against their own well, desire &
interest
TYPES OF POWER:-
1) Endorsed power
2) Authorised power
SOCIAL
NORMS:-
Norms are not following the socially
accepted rules
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL NORMS:-
1) Social norms are universal
2) It are factual order
3) It are relative to situations and
groups
4) It are not always obeyed by all
5) Norms vary with sanctions
6) It are usually internal by people
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL NORMS:-
1) Norm less society is impossibility
2) Norms guide behaviour
3) Norms permit efficient functioning
4) Norms help self-control
5) Norms help the social maintains of
social order
COLLECTIVE
BEHAVIOUR:-
In general all social interactions is
called collective behaviour
6 BASIC CONDITIONS OF COLLECTIVE
BEHAVIOUR:-
1) Structural conduciveness
2) Structural strains
3) Growth & spread of generalized
belief
4) Precipitating factors
5) Mobilization of action
6) Operation of social control
TYPES OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR:-
1) Crowd behaviour -
a) Suggestibility
b) Anonymity
c) Spontaneity
d) Invulnerability
2) Mass behaviour:-
a) Rumour
B) Fashion & Fobs
c) Panic & mass hysteria
3} DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
DYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR [D.H.B]
They are 5 levels in DHB they are
1) Physical
2) Mental
3) Emotional
4) Spiritual
PSYCHOLOGY:-
The word Psychology means study of
mind in olden days & new definition is “Study of Behaviour”
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY:-
1) Observational
method
2) Environmental
method
3) Participant
observation method
4) Case study
method
5) Questionnaire
method
6) Interview
method
CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOLOGY:-
It studies behaviour of all living
organisms. Specially focused on human behaviour. It is a science of soul, study of mind,
TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGY (2):-
1) Pure psychology: - In this they made
theories
2) Applied psychology: - Those
theories applied in this
MAJOR
BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY:-
1) Abnormal psychology:- it deals
with behaviour disorder & distorted
individuals
2) Developmental
psychology:- it studies emotional intellectual & social changes that
occurs across the life span
3) Clinical psychology:- It uses
the understanding derived from developmental & abnormal psychology to
diagnose & treat mental disorder & adjust mental problems
4) Educational
psychology:- It attempts to improve teaching & materials to solve learning
problems & to measure ability
5) Community psychology:- It is concerned with person &
environment and ways the society upon
the individuals
6) School psychology:- This
psychology will work with pre-school children,
their teachers & their family members
DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY:-
It
is branch of psychology deals with growth & development of human being from
conception to death {it is a pure psychology}
OBJECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENTAL
PSYCHOLOGY:-
1) To find
out what are the common & characteristic age changes in appearance, in
behaviour and goals from one developmental period
2) To find
out when these changes occur
3) To find
out how they influence behaviour
4) To find
out whether they can (or) cannot be predicted
5) To find out whether they are individual 0r
universal
DEVELOPMENATL STAGES:-
1) Prenatal
period:- Conception to birth (9 months)
2) Infancy:-
Birth to second week
3) Babyhood:-
Second week to 2 years
4) Childhood :- 2 year to6 years (Early) & 6 years to
10 or 12 years (Late)
5) Puberty :-
12 to 14 years
6) Adolescence
:- 14 to 18 years
7) Adulthood
:- 18 to 60 years
8) Old age :-
60 & 60+
BEHAVIOUR:-
Behaviour includes anything the
individual does or experience.
We can’t know the behaviour because it
is unique, changeable, varies from person to person, not constant
The factors influencing behaviour is
(i) Internal & (ii) External
Internal (Individual):- By Physical
(Body, Food, Heath Etc.) & by psychological (mind, attitude, thinking)
External (Environment):- By Direct
(Family, Friends, Teachers Etc.) & By
Indirect (Society, Religion, Community Etc.)
MOTIVATION:-
The activating forces that pull or
push the individual to move or act for obtaining specific goals or needs
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION:-
1) Instant
theory
2) Psycho
analytic theory
3) Humanistic
theory
SELF MOTIVATION:-
Self-motivation is a complex process.
They are 4 factors for this
1) self
confidence
2) positive
thinking
3) focus
& strong goals
4) motivating
environment
DEFENCE
MECHANISM:-
Defence mechanism is a tactic. It is to
protect our self from anxity.it is also terms as ego mechanisms
According to Sigmen human personality
consists of 3 systems
1) Id is
guided by pleasure principle (Child ego
state)
2) Ego is
guided by reality principle (Adult ego state)
3) Super ego
is represent the morals, laws & customs of social environment (Parent ego
state)
(Id, ego,
super ego it is simplified personality)
TYPES OF DEFENCE MECHANISMS:-
1) Rationalization:-
It is defined as creating false excuses to justify unexcitable behaviour
2) Identification:-
It means woos ting our esteem by forming & imaginary or real alience with
some person or a group
3) Displacement:-
It means diverting emotional feeling(anger) from original source to substitute
targets
COPYING
MECHANISMS:-
Copying mechanisms is described as
survival skills. They strategies the equal use in order to stress, pain,
natural changes that we experience in life.
Copying style is divided into 2 types
1) Proactive
copying:- Talking straight forward & preventing action
2) Avoidant
copying:- Comforting troubles directly
Examples of copying mechanisms (positive) Ex.
Relaxation, Prayer, Time management Etc.
& (Negative) Ex. Addiction, Suicide attempt, running away, Violence
Etc.
ADJUSTMENT:-
Adjustment is a state of wellbeing
& happiness. Balancing between external & internal demands. It means
“Accepting the change”
CHRACTERISTICS OF ADJUSTMENT:-
1)
It is not a condition but it is a process
2)
It is continuous throughout life
3)
It is described as dynamic process
4)
No one can attain a perfect state of
adjustment
CRITERIA OF ADJUSTMENT:-
1) A well
adjust person has set of values
2) Emotional
maturity
3) Social
sensivity
MALADJUSTMENT:-
It means deviance from normal
(Thinking, action, Etc.)
SYMTOMS OF MALADJUSTMENT:-
1) Excessive
moodiness
2) Exaggerated
worries
3) Suspiciousness
& mistrust
4) Helplessness & dependency
5) Day
dreaming & Fantasy
STRESS:-
Stress means psychological reaction or
condition (It is a part & parcel of life)
TYPES OF STRESS:-
1) Good
stress
2) Bad stress
These stress are having two terms 1)
Acute stress (short term) & 2) Chronic stress (Long term)
SOURCES OF STRESS:-
1) Environment
2) Change
includes stress
3) Personality
related stress
4) Inter
personal issues (family Etc.)
5) System
include stress
STRESS ABBREVIATIONS (+ve & -ve)
This is positive abbreviation
S- Smiling
T-
Thinking
R- Relaxation
E-
Enjoying
S- Slowing
down
S-
Smelling flower
This is Negative abbreviations
S- Strain
T- Tension
R- Ranting
E- Easily
irritated
S- Sadness
S-Saddled
{Burden}
4} SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SOCIAL PROBLEMS:-
Social problem is defined as a
situation controlling a group or section of people which injurious results that
can be handled collectively l
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS:-
1) All social
problems are situations which have injurious results for society
2) All social
problems are deviation from ideal situation
3) All social
problems have common basis of origin
4) All social
problems caused by pathological social conditions
5) All social
problems are inter connected
6) All social
problems affects all sections of society
7) Social
problems occur in all society
THE CAUSES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS:-
1) Malfunctioning
in economic system
2) Contradiction
in social system
3) Defective
functioning of political system
STAGES TO DECREASE SOCIAL PROBLEMS:-
1)
Awareness
2)
Reform
3)
Policy determination
TO SOLVE SOCIAL PROBLEMS:-
1)
By full filling human needs
2)
By solving adjustment problems
3)
By creating self-suffiency
4)
By developing democratic values
5)
Providing opportunities for development
6)
Providing social legal aim
7)
Bring change in social system
8)
Strengthening & making homonymous social
relation
SOCIAL PROBLEMS:-
Social problems are
1)
Poverty
2)
Terrorism
3)
Crime & criminals
4)
Drug addiction
5)
Violence
6)
Health
7)
Illiteracy
8)
Over population
9)
Child labour & abuse
10)
Corruption
11)
Youth unrest
12)
Pollution
13)
Unemployment
14)
Juvenile delinquency
Etc. are the major social problems
5} SOCIAL POLICY & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL POLICY:-
Social policy is the desires to ensure every member of the
community to achieve certain standards & certain objectives in life-Hagen Buch-
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL POLICY:-
1)
It is a subject as well as area of practice
2)
It is an instrument used by government
3)
It plays distributive & re-distributive
role
4)
It is the unilateral transfer of resources
from one to one society
5)
It has concern for weaker& vulnerable
sections of society
OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL POLICY:-
1)
Improvement of quality of life
2)
Reduce the cost of welfare
3)
Social integration
4)
Social change
5)
Decentralization & fragmentation of
services
6)
Pursuit of equality through a variety of
corrective measures
NATURE & SCOPE OF SOCIAL POLICY:-
Nature:- It focus & deals with real world social problems in
perceptive way. It is the result of interaction with in a whole system of
social, political, economic factors
Scope:-
Social sectors (Health, water, sanitation, food, housing Etc.)
Social insurance (Pensions, unemployment benefits, Etc.)
Social protections (Targeted safety needs, food subsidies Etc.)
Social rights (For children, labour, women, disability Etc.)
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL POLICY:-
1)
Solidarity
2)
Rights
3)
Justice
4)
Freedom
PILLARS OF SOCIAL POLICY:-
1)
The safety net
2)
Life style maintenance
3)
Income security system
4)
Health care system
SOCIAL POLICY IN INDIA:-
India opted to become a sovereign,
Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic and adopted the concept of a welfare
state. It promised people to its justice, social, economic & political
freedom thought, expression, belief, and equality of status & opportunities
Some important social policies in
India:-
1) Health policy in India
2) National policy for children (1929,1890,
1986,1994,1995,2000,2005 acts)
3) National youth policy (1988,2003 acts)
4) Educational policy in India (1968,1986,1992
acts)
5) National policy for older people (1999acts)
BASIC ISSUES OF SOCIAL POLICY:-
1) Universality vs. selectivity
2) Equality vs. equity
3) Needs & resources
4) Clients participation
5) Legalism
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:-
Social development includes Health, education, security,
sanitation, housing, employment Etc. Main motto of social development is “To
improve people”
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA:-
British India government act as passed in 1919 but it was not
success & again they implemented in 1935
In British India 2 types of rules are there 1) Province rule (93
seats) & 2) British rule (296 seats)
In June 3rd Indian partition bill passed & July 15th
Indian independence bill passed
Indian constitution was written by drafting committee members (6).
Chairman was Dr.B.R.Ambedkar.
1)
K.M.Munshi
2)
Alladi Krishna swamy ayyar
3)
Gopala swamy ayyar
4)
B.L.Mitler (Replaced by N.Madhava rao due to
Mitler resign)
5)
Md.Sadullah
6)
D.P.Khaithan (Replaced by T.T.Krishnamachari
due to Khaithan death)
1st draft was started on 29-08-1947 & submitted on
5-11-1947 & it was not approved by government & again by taking 2 years
11 months 18 days they completed our constitution submitted to government, on
26- 11-1949 it accepted as our
constitution & it came into existence on 26-01-1950
Preamble of constitution:-
We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute
India into a “Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic and secure to
all citizens
Justice-in Social, Economical and Political
Liberty-Of thought, Expression, Belief, Faith & Work ship
Equality-Of Status and opportunity and to promote among them all
Fraternity-assuring the dignity of the individual & the unity
and integrity of the nation
History:-
Original constitution has 395 articles, 8 schedules, 22 parts are
there but at present they are 449 articles 12 schedules, 24 parts are there
Indian constitution is called Barrowed constitution they barrowed
Fundamental rights from America, Directive principles from Ireland, & Etc.
Preamble of constitution is having Fundamental rights, Directive
principles, Universal adult franchise, Citizenship Etc.
SILENT FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION:-
1)
Lengthiest & written constitution
2)
It drawn from various sources
3)
Blend of rigidity & flexibility
4)
Parliamentary form of government
5)
Federal system with unitary bias
6)
Integrated & independent judiciary
7)
Fundamental rights
8)
Directive principles of state policy
9)
Universal adult franchise Etc.
CITIZENSHIP:-
According to citizenship 1955act, article 5 says the person who
have domicile tertiary of India as 26-11-1949
Acquiring citizenship:-
1)
By birth
2)
By
registration
3)
Naturalization
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS:- {Article 14 to 35}
1)
Right to equality:- Article 14 to 18
2)
Right to freedom:- Article 19 to 22
3)
Right to exploitation:- Article 23 to 24
4)
Right to freedom of religion:- Article 25 to
28
5)
Cultural & educational rights:- Article 29
to 31
6)
Right to constitutional remedies:- Article 32
to 35
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY:-
{Article 36 to 51}
Directive principles of state policy
(DPSP) lies in part 4 of Indian constitution
These are related to economic &
social objective that constitution seeks to achieve
PLANNING COMMISSION:-
Planning commission was started in
1950 & implemented on 1951. Agenda of planning commission is “Most
effective & balanced utilization of country resources”
FIVE YEAR’S PLAN:-
1st Five year plan:- 1951-1956 (T.G-2.5 & A.G- 3.6)-
AGRICULTURE
2nd Five year plan:- 1956- 1961 (T.G- 4.5 & A.G-
4.3)- INDUSTRIES & AGRICULTURE
3rd Five year plan:- 1961-1966 (T.G- 5.6 & A.G-2.7)-
SELF-RELIANT & GENARARING ECONOMY
PLAN HOLIDAY: - 1966-1969
4th Five year plan:- 1969-1974 (T.G-5.7 & A.G-3.7)-
5th Five year plan:- 1974-1979 (T.G- 4.4 & A.G-
4.8)- REMOVAL OF POVERTY
NO PLANNING:- 1978-1979
ROLLING PLAN:- 1979-1980
6th Five year plan:- 1980-1985 (T.G-5.2 & A.G- 5.7)-
MODERNIZATION OF TECHONOLOGY
7th Five year plan:- 1985-1990 (T.G- 5.0 & A.G-
6.0)- FOOD GAIN PRODUCTION & ETC.
POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY:- 1990-1992
8th Five year plan:- 1992-1997 (T.G-5.6 & A.G- 6.8)-
L.P.G
9th Five year plan:- 1997-2002 (T.G-6.5 & A.G- 5.6)-
“GROWTH IS SOCIAL JUSTICE & EQUALITY”
10th Five year plan:- 2002-2007 (T.G 9.0 & A.G-8.0)-
EDUCATION & ERADICATION OF POOR
11th Five year plan:- 2007-2012 (T.G- 9.0 &
A.G-8.0)- “FASTER TOWARDS INCLUSIVE GROWTH”
12th Five year plan:- 2012-2017 (T.G- 9.0 & A.G.__)-
“FASTER,MORE INCLUISIVE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”
For 9th, 11th & 12th
plans trainee had written mottos of that plan
TYPES OF PLANNING:-
1)
Operational planning: - A short range of
planning deals with day to day activities
2)
Strategic planning: - It goes in step by step
process in a formal way
3)
Contingency planning: - During cold war this
planning will reflect
4) Intermediate
planning: - In this plan they plan in middle
SOCIAL STRATEGY: -
Social strategy: - It is a settled course of action judged most
appropriate to achieve specific goals
TYPES OF SOCIAL STRATEGY:-
1)
Distributive strategy: - It means equal
distribution of income, resources & wealth
2)
Participation strategy: - In this a link is
essential between “Development through whom & Development for whom”
3)
Human development strategy: - It is aimed to
improve the condition & quality of human life
4)
Social integration strategy: - It is directed
towards eliminating and reducing any disparities between different religions,
groups & communities
PREPARED
BY
A.N.BHARGHAVA SHYAM {B.S.W}
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